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The efficient cause is that which made you. So, your parents’ “relationship” (to be delicate) is your efficient cause. The efficient cause of your growth is food. Etc.
Now, when it comes to formal and final causes, modernity simply sweeps them aside. They come to be considered myths. Especially with regard to human life, where in fact they have the most explanatory power. And the lack of understanding these causes may be said to be the deepest root of the crisis of modernity.
The formal cause is the arrangement of a thing. So, you as a human being, your formal cause is having limbs, a head, a torso, organs etc. arranged the way they are. (If someone makes me address the birth defect argument I will but it should be obvious, people). If your arrangement were sufficient otherwise, you would not be a human but something else. (This is derived from Plato’s famous “theory of the forms” in Republic bk 7.)
The final cause is the most controversial of all. It is the purpose of a thing, that-for-which it was created, or exists, or for which it changes or moves. So, if you build a chair, wood is the material cause of the chair. You are its efficient cause. Legs, a seat and a back are its formal cause. And “sitting” is its final cause.
Modernity laughs at the idea that man has a formal or especially a final cause. This is the root of our problem.
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Escoffier says:
June 26, 2013 at 4:51 pm
Actually, to make one point sharper, the true “formal cause” of a human being is logos or reason or speech.